MARD AUR AURAT KI GAWAHI MAI MUSAWAAT (BARABARI) KYU NHI?
Bismillahirrahmanirraheem
"2 aurto ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar kyu hai" ye ilzaam gair muslimo ki taraf se islam par lagaya jata hai k islam mai mard aur aurat barabar nhi hai islam is k baare mai kya kehta hai zara dekh lete hai.
2 aurto ki gawahi hamesha ek mard ki gawahi k barabar nhi, quran majeed mai 3 aayaat hai jin mai mard aur aurat ki tafreeq k bagair gawahi k ahkaam aye hai
1. Virasat k mutalliq wasiyat karte waqt 2 aadil ashkhaas ki gawahi ki zarurat hoti hai, Irshaad e bari ta'ala hai: Ae emaan walo jab tum mai se kisi ko maut aane lage to tumhare darmiyaan gawahi honi chahiye, tarke ki wasiyat k waqt 2 insaaf wale apne (musalmano) mai se gawah bana lo ya agar tum zameen mai safar par niklo aur (raaste mai) maut ki museebat paish aajaye to gair kaum k 2 (gawah bhi kaafi honge). (Surah Ma'ida surah no. 5 ayat no. 106)
2. Talaaq k maamle mai 2 aadil ashkhaas ko gawah banane ka huqm hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: aur tum apne mai se 2 ashkhaas ko gawah bana lo jo aadil ho aur Allah k liye gawahi de. (Surah talaaq surah no. 65 ayat no. 2)
3. Paak baaz aurat k khilaaf gawahi k liye 4 shahadate darkaar hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: aur jo loog paak baaz aurto par tohmat lagaye, phir wo 4 gawah paish na kar sakey (apne ilzaam ki tasdeek mai) to unko 80 koode maaro aur unki gawahi kabhi qubool na karo aur yahi loog nafarmaan hai. (Surah noor surah no. 24 ayat no. 4)
MAALI LAIN DAIN MAI AURAT KI GAWAHI
Ye sahi nahi k hamesha 2 aurto ki gawahi 1 mard k barabar hogi ye sirf chand maamlaat k liye hai quran mai 5 ayaat hai jin mai gawahi k baare mai mard aur aurat ki takhsees k bagair hukm diya gaya aur sirf 1 aayat hai jis mai kaha gaya hai k 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard k barabar hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: Ae emaan walo jab tum ek muqarrarh muddat k liye ek dusre se udhaar ka lain dain karo to use likh lo aur likhne wale ko chahiye k tumhare darmiyaan insaaf se likhey aur likhne wala likhne se inkaar na kare, jese Allah ne use sikhaya hai use likhna chahiye, aur wo shaks likhwaye jis k zimmey qarz ho aur use apne rabb, Allah se darna chahiye aur (likhwate waqt) wo (makrooz) us mai se koi cheez kam na kare, lekin agar wo fard jis k zimmey qarz ho, nadaan ya zaeef ho ya likhwa na sakta ho uska wali insaaf k sath likhwaye, aur tum apne musalman mardo mai se 2 gawah bana lo, phir agar 2 mayassar na ho to 1 mard aur 2 aurate jinhe tum gawaho k taur par pasand karo (ye is liye) k 1 aurat bhool jaye to unme se dusri use yaad dila de. (Surah baqara surah no. 2 ayat no. 282)
Quran ki ye ayat sirf maali maamlaat aur lain dain k liye hai is kism ki maamlaat mai ye naseehat ki gayi hai k mua'hide ko dono fareeqo k ma'bain likha jaye aur 2 gawah banaye jaye aur ye koshish ki jaye k wo sirf mard ho agar 2 mard na mil sakey to phir 1 mard aur 2 aurtey kaafi hai, islami shariyat mai maali maamlaat mai 2 mardo ko tarjeeh di jati hai, islam mard se khandaan ki kifalat ki tokeey karta hai chunkey iktasaadi zimmeydari mardo par hai, is liye ye tokeey ki jati hai k wo lain dain mai aurato ki nisbat zayada ilm wa aagahi rakhte hai, dusri surat mai 1 mard aur 2 aurate gawah hongi k agar ek galti par ho to dusri use yaad dila de, quran mai arbi lafz (TAZILLA) ka matlab hai "galti par hona" ya "bhool jana" isi wajah se sirf maali maamlaat mai 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar rakhi gayi hai.
KATAL K MUQADDAMAAT MAI NASWAANI GAWAHI
Is k bar’aks kuch loogo ki raaye hai k aurato ki shahadat qatal k maamle mai bhi dohri hai, yaani 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar hai, is kism k maamlaat mai aurat, mard ki nisbat zayada khoofzada hoti hai, wo apni jazbaati haalat ki wajah se pareshaan ho sakti hai, isi liye kuch loogo k nazdeek qatal k muqaddamaat mai bhi 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar hai
kuch ulama k nazdeek 2 aurato aur 1 mard ki gawahi ki barabari hamaam maamlaat k liye hai, is se ittefaaq nhi kiya ja sakta kyunki surah noor mai 1 mard aur 1 aurat ki gawahi k baarey mai wazey taur par bataya gaya hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: Aur jo loog apni biwiyo par ilzaam lagaye aur unke paas koi gawah na ho siwaye unki apni zaat k to unmai se har ek ki shahadat is tarha hogi k chaar baar Allah ki kasam kha kar kahe k beshak wo saccho mai se hai aur panchvi baar ye kahe: agar wo jhooto mai se ho to us par Allah ki laanat ho aur is aurat se saza tab talti hai k wo chaar baar Allah ki qasam kha kar kahe k bilashuba wo (is ka shohar) jhooto mai se hai aur panchivi baar ye kahe k agar wo (shohar) saccho mai se ho to us (aurat) par Allah ka gazab ho. (Surah noor surah no. 24 ayat no. 6 se 9 tak)
HAZRAT AYESHA RAZI ALLAHU ANHA KI GAWAHI
Hazrat ayesha razi Allahu anha se, jo hamare nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam ki biwi thi, kam wa baish 2220 k kareeb ahadees marvi hai jo sirf unki wahid shahadat ki badolat mustanad hai ye is amr ka wazey saboot hai k sirf 1 aurat ki gawahi bhi qabool ki ja sakti hai
Bahut se ulama is baat par muttafiq hai k 1 aurat ki gawahi pehli raat ka chand dekhne k liye bhi kaafi hai, andaaza kare k roza rakhne k liye jo islaam k arkaan mai se ek aham rukan hai, 1 aurat ki gawahi kaafi hai aur is ki gawahi par tamaam musalman mard aur aurate roza rakhte hai, kuch fukaha k nazdeek aagaaz e ramazaan k silsile mai ek gawahi darkaar hai jabke uske khatam hone k liye 2 gawahiya zaroori hongi, is se farq nhi padta k gawahi dene wale mard ho ya aurat.
BAAZ MAAMLAAT MAI AURATO HI KI GAWAHI KO TARJEEH HASIL HAI
Baaz maamlaat mai sirf khatoon gawaah darkaar hoti hai, misaal k taur par aurato k masail aurato ki tadfeen k waqt gusal k maamlaat mai sirf aurat hi ki gawahi mustanad hogi aese maamlaat mai mard ki gawahi qabool nhi ki ja sakti.
Maali maamlaat mai mard aur aurat ki gawahiyo mai nazar aane wali adm musawaat islaam k nazeed kisi sanfi adm musawaat ki bunyaad par nhi balke ye sirf mu'asharey mai aurato aur mardo ki mukhtalif noiyyat aur mukhtalif kirdaaro ki bina par hai jo islaam ne unke liye mutayyan kiye hai.
Bismillahirrahmanirraheem
"2 aurto ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar kyu hai" ye ilzaam gair muslimo ki taraf se islam par lagaya jata hai k islam mai mard aur aurat barabar nhi hai islam is k baare mai kya kehta hai zara dekh lete hai.
2 aurto ki gawahi hamesha ek mard ki gawahi k barabar nhi, quran majeed mai 3 aayaat hai jin mai mard aur aurat ki tafreeq k bagair gawahi k ahkaam aye hai
1. Virasat k mutalliq wasiyat karte waqt 2 aadil ashkhaas ki gawahi ki zarurat hoti hai, Irshaad e bari ta'ala hai: Ae emaan walo jab tum mai se kisi ko maut aane lage to tumhare darmiyaan gawahi honi chahiye, tarke ki wasiyat k waqt 2 insaaf wale apne (musalmano) mai se gawah bana lo ya agar tum zameen mai safar par niklo aur (raaste mai) maut ki museebat paish aajaye to gair kaum k 2 (gawah bhi kaafi honge). (Surah Ma'ida surah no. 5 ayat no. 106)
2. Talaaq k maamle mai 2 aadil ashkhaas ko gawah banane ka huqm hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: aur tum apne mai se 2 ashkhaas ko gawah bana lo jo aadil ho aur Allah k liye gawahi de. (Surah talaaq surah no. 65 ayat no. 2)
3. Paak baaz aurat k khilaaf gawahi k liye 4 shahadate darkaar hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: aur jo loog paak baaz aurto par tohmat lagaye, phir wo 4 gawah paish na kar sakey (apne ilzaam ki tasdeek mai) to unko 80 koode maaro aur unki gawahi kabhi qubool na karo aur yahi loog nafarmaan hai. (Surah noor surah no. 24 ayat no. 4)
MAALI LAIN DAIN MAI AURAT KI GAWAHI
Ye sahi nahi k hamesha 2 aurto ki gawahi 1 mard k barabar hogi ye sirf chand maamlaat k liye hai quran mai 5 ayaat hai jin mai gawahi k baare mai mard aur aurat ki takhsees k bagair hukm diya gaya aur sirf 1 aayat hai jis mai kaha gaya hai k 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard k barabar hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: Ae emaan walo jab tum ek muqarrarh muddat k liye ek dusre se udhaar ka lain dain karo to use likh lo aur likhne wale ko chahiye k tumhare darmiyaan insaaf se likhey aur likhne wala likhne se inkaar na kare, jese Allah ne use sikhaya hai use likhna chahiye, aur wo shaks likhwaye jis k zimmey qarz ho aur use apne rabb, Allah se darna chahiye aur (likhwate waqt) wo (makrooz) us mai se koi cheez kam na kare, lekin agar wo fard jis k zimmey qarz ho, nadaan ya zaeef ho ya likhwa na sakta ho uska wali insaaf k sath likhwaye, aur tum apne musalman mardo mai se 2 gawah bana lo, phir agar 2 mayassar na ho to 1 mard aur 2 aurate jinhe tum gawaho k taur par pasand karo (ye is liye) k 1 aurat bhool jaye to unme se dusri use yaad dila de. (Surah baqara surah no. 2 ayat no. 282)
Quran ki ye ayat sirf maali maamlaat aur lain dain k liye hai is kism ki maamlaat mai ye naseehat ki gayi hai k mua'hide ko dono fareeqo k ma'bain likha jaye aur 2 gawah banaye jaye aur ye koshish ki jaye k wo sirf mard ho agar 2 mard na mil sakey to phir 1 mard aur 2 aurtey kaafi hai, islami shariyat mai maali maamlaat mai 2 mardo ko tarjeeh di jati hai, islam mard se khandaan ki kifalat ki tokeey karta hai chunkey iktasaadi zimmeydari mardo par hai, is liye ye tokeey ki jati hai k wo lain dain mai aurato ki nisbat zayada ilm wa aagahi rakhte hai, dusri surat mai 1 mard aur 2 aurate gawah hongi k agar ek galti par ho to dusri use yaad dila de, quran mai arbi lafz (TAZILLA) ka matlab hai "galti par hona" ya "bhool jana" isi wajah se sirf maali maamlaat mai 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar rakhi gayi hai.
KATAL K MUQADDAMAAT MAI NASWAANI GAWAHI
Is k bar’aks kuch loogo ki raaye hai k aurato ki shahadat qatal k maamle mai bhi dohri hai, yaani 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar hai, is kism k maamlaat mai aurat, mard ki nisbat zayada khoofzada hoti hai, wo apni jazbaati haalat ki wajah se pareshaan ho sakti hai, isi liye kuch loogo k nazdeek qatal k muqaddamaat mai bhi 2 aurato ki gawahi 1 mard ki gawahi k barabar hai
kuch ulama k nazdeek 2 aurato aur 1 mard ki gawahi ki barabari hamaam maamlaat k liye hai, is se ittefaaq nhi kiya ja sakta kyunki surah noor mai 1 mard aur 1 aurat ki gawahi k baarey mai wazey taur par bataya gaya hai, Irshaad e baari ta'ala hai: Aur jo loog apni biwiyo par ilzaam lagaye aur unke paas koi gawah na ho siwaye unki apni zaat k to unmai se har ek ki shahadat is tarha hogi k chaar baar Allah ki kasam kha kar kahe k beshak wo saccho mai se hai aur panchvi baar ye kahe: agar wo jhooto mai se ho to us par Allah ki laanat ho aur is aurat se saza tab talti hai k wo chaar baar Allah ki qasam kha kar kahe k bilashuba wo (is ka shohar) jhooto mai se hai aur panchivi baar ye kahe k agar wo (shohar) saccho mai se ho to us (aurat) par Allah ka gazab ho. (Surah noor surah no. 24 ayat no. 6 se 9 tak)
HAZRAT AYESHA RAZI ALLAHU ANHA KI GAWAHI
Hazrat ayesha razi Allahu anha se, jo hamare nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam ki biwi thi, kam wa baish 2220 k kareeb ahadees marvi hai jo sirf unki wahid shahadat ki badolat mustanad hai ye is amr ka wazey saboot hai k sirf 1 aurat ki gawahi bhi qabool ki ja sakti hai
Bahut se ulama is baat par muttafiq hai k 1 aurat ki gawahi pehli raat ka chand dekhne k liye bhi kaafi hai, andaaza kare k roza rakhne k liye jo islaam k arkaan mai se ek aham rukan hai, 1 aurat ki gawahi kaafi hai aur is ki gawahi par tamaam musalman mard aur aurate roza rakhte hai, kuch fukaha k nazdeek aagaaz e ramazaan k silsile mai ek gawahi darkaar hai jabke uske khatam hone k liye 2 gawahiya zaroori hongi, is se farq nhi padta k gawahi dene wale mard ho ya aurat.
BAAZ MAAMLAAT MAI AURATO HI KI GAWAHI KO TARJEEH HASIL HAI
Baaz maamlaat mai sirf khatoon gawaah darkaar hoti hai, misaal k taur par aurato k masail aurato ki tadfeen k waqt gusal k maamlaat mai sirf aurat hi ki gawahi mustanad hogi aese maamlaat mai mard ki gawahi qabool nhi ki ja sakti.
Maali maamlaat mai mard aur aurat ki gawahiyo mai nazar aane wali adm musawaat islaam k nazeed kisi sanfi adm musawaat ki bunyaad par nhi balke ye sirf mu'asharey mai aurato aur mardo ki mukhtalif noiyyat aur mukhtalif kirdaaro ki bina par hai jo islaam ne unke liye mutayyan kiye hai.
جزاک اللہ خیرا۔بہت عمدہ انتخاب ہے
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